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Srivijaya is often called a "Kedatuan" due to its trade-focused rather than governance-focused structure and inclusive approach to tribes and religions. It was a unique and advanced chiefdom, creating a significant maritime civilization in Southeast Asia. Srivijaya, with a chiefdom monarchy system led by a Datu, governed through mandalas, with positions such as Datu Maharaja and Datu Mandala, along with viceroys, ministers, warlords, and administrators. Centered in southern Sumatra, Srivijaya controlled the Malacca and Sunda Straits, key parts of the spice and silk trade routes, from the 7th to 12th centuries, dominating the Strait of Malacca, crucial for trade between the west and China.
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